U.S. Public Education Spending Statistics

Report Highlights. Public education spending in the United States falls short of global benchmarks and lags behind economic growth; K-12 schools spend $666.9 billion or $13,185 per pupil annually.

• Federal, state, and local governments provide $764.7 billion or $15,120 per pupil to fund K-12 public education.
• The difference between spending and funding is $97.85 billion or $1,935 per pupil.
• The federal government provides 7.9% of funding for public K-12 education.
• Public postsecondary schools spend an average of $28,977 per pupil.
• The national gross domestic product (GDP) grows 71.6% faster than public education budgets.

*Percentage totals do not always equal 100 due to rounding.

Jump to a State: AL | AK | AZ | CA | CO | CT | DE | FL | GA | HI | ID | IL | IN | IA | KS | KY | LA | ME | MD | MA | MI | MN | MS | MO | MT | NE | NV | NH | NJ | NM | NY | NC | ND | OH | OK | OR | PA | RI | SC | SD | TN | TX | UT | VT | VA | WA | WV | WI | WY

Related research includes Number of Public Schools in the US | K-12 Enrollment and Student Population | Average Cost of Private School | Average Cost of College | Average Cost of Community College

Public Education Spending Statistics

Public education spending at the national level services 50.58 million K-12 students and 19.64 million postsecondary students. It is normal for spending totals to undercut public funding totals to a degree.

• K-12 public schools spend $13,185 per pupil.
• Public K-12 expenditures total $666.9 billion.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.41% of taxpayer income.
• K-12 schools nationwide receive $60.34 billion total or $1,193 per pupil from the federal government.
• States contribute a total of $357.0 billion to K-12 public education or $7,058 per student.
• Local governments contribute $347.4 billion total or $6,868 per student.
• Federal public education funding is equivalent to 0.32% of total taxpayer income.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.76%.
• Funding for K-12 education totals $764.7 billion, or $15,120 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $97.85 billion, or $1,935 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $28,976 per pupil, 27.5% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,693 per pupil, down 16.7% year-over-year (YoY).
• States and local governments contribute a combined $5,926.
• Tuition accounts for 19.5% of all funding.
• 6.00% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• 2-year public institutions spend 16.3% of what 4-year public colleges spend annually.

U.S. and World Education Spending

In the United States, education spending falls short of benchmarks set by international organizations such as UNESCO, of which the U.S. is a member. The nation puts 11.6% of public funding toward education, well below the international standard 15.00%.

• Schools in the United States spend an average of $16,993 per pupil, which is the 7^th-highest amount per pupil (after adjusting to local currency values) among the 37 other developed nations in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
• In terms of a percentage of its gross domestic product (GDP), the United States ranks 12^th among OECD members in spending on elementary education.
• The United States does not meet UNESCO’s benchmark of a 15.00% share of total public expenditure on education.
• In terms of early childhood education, the United States is one of six (6) countries that do not report any educational spending.
• Luxembourg spends US$22,700 per pupil, which is more than any of the other OECD nations spend on education.
• African nations spend the highest amount on education in terms of a percentage of GDP.
• At 4.96%, the United States spends a smaller percentage of its GDP on education than other developed nations, which average 5.59% of GDP in educational spending.

Public Education Spending by State

Education spending refers to the money spent by public schools. This may include teacher and administrator salaries, supplies, building maintenance, field trips, etc. These numbers refer to how much money has a direct impact on public school students.

• New York schools spend the most on K-12 education per pupil.
• California spends the most on postsecondary education.
• New York also spends the second-most on K-12 education in terms of a percentage of local taxpayer income.
• Alaska K-12 schools spend the most in terms of a percentage of taxpayer income.
• District of Columbia K-12 public school students receive the second-most expensive education.
• District of Columbia K-12 schools spend the least in terms of a percentage of local taxpayer income.
• North Carolina makes the most of its funding for K-12 education, having the least funds per pupil leftover after spending on students.

Public Education Funding by State

Educational funding or financing refers to how much money goes into schools, also sometimes referred to as revenue or income. Financing influences spending, but states rarely spend 100% of their public school funding.

• K-12 schools in Alaska receive the most funding per pupil from the federal government.
• The District of Columbia receives the second-most federal funding for K-12 schools.
• Utah receives the lowest amount per pupil from the federal government.
• Colorado receives the second-lowest amount per pupil in federal funding.
• Vermont’s state government spends the most per pupil of any state government to finance education.
• Hawaii supplies the second-most state funding.
• Nevada’s state government supplies the lowest amount of educational financing per pupil.

Public Education Spending in Alabama

Alabama spends less on K-12 education in terms of dollars-per-pupil and in terms of percentage of taxpayers’ personal income. The state ranks 42^nd in funding and 41^st in school spending.

• Alabama K-12 schools spend $10,108 per pupil for a total of $7,475,961,000 annually.
• That is equivalent to 3.42% of taxpayer income.
• Alabama K-12 schools receive $914,928,000 from the federal government, or $1,198 per student
• State funding totals $4,708,652,000 or $6,366 per student.
• Local funding totals $2,820,433,000 or $3,813 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.45% of Alabama’s taxpayer income.
• Alabama’s federal education funding is equivalent to 0.42% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Alabama totals $8,444,012,000 or $11,416 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $968,051,000 or $1,309 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $33,760 per pupil, 20.6% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $3,417 per student.
• State funding and local funding to postsecondary institutions averages $7,373 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 22.1% of all funding; this is down 3.30% YoY.
• 5.21% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Alabama’s 2-year community colleges spend 9.90% of what 4-year public colleges spend annually.

Public Education Spending in Alaska

Alaska spends the most on K-12 education in terms of percentage of taxpayer income and ranks 7^th overall in the most spending per pupil. Alaska’s schools rank 7^th in funding and are the most dependent on federal funding.

• Alaskan K-12 public schools spend $18,392 per pupil for a total of $2,408,810,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 5.20% of taxpayer income.
• Alaska K-12 schools receive $395,265,000 or $3,018 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $1,599,906,000 or $12,216 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $565,603,000 or $4,319 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 4.68% of Alaska’s taxpayer income.
• Alaska’s federal education funding is equivalent to 0.85% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Alaska totals $2,560,884,000 or $19,552 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $151,964,000 or $1,160 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $32,421 per pupil, 30.7% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $5,982 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $17,222 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 16.5% of all funding, which a 4.34% increase YoY.
• 3.58% of all postsecondary funding in Alaska comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.

Public Education Spending in Arizona

Arizona schools spend less on K-12 education than the national average. The state’s government also spends less on education per capita. Arizona ranks 48^th in funding and 49^th in spending.

• Arizona K-12 schools spend $8,770 per pupil for a total of $9,827,893,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 2.88% of taxpayer income.
• Arizona K-12 schools receive $1,404,213,000, or $1,253 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $5,712,761,000 or $5,098 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $4,529,085,000 or $4,041 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.01% of Arizona’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.41% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Arizona totals $11,646,059,000 or $10,392 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $1,818,166,000 or $1,622 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $20,284 per pupil, 32.2% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,675 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $5,506 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 34.4% of all funding, which is 0.36% decline from the previous year.
• 5.54% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Arizona’s 2-year community colleges spend 24.8% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Arkansas

Arkansas schools spend less per K-12 pupil than the national average. The state ranks 38^th in spending and 41^st in funding.

• Arkansas K-12 schools spend $10,414 per pupil for a total of $5,156,738,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.79% of taxpayer income.
• Arkansas K-12 schools receive $638,279,000, or $1,289 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $2,971,791,000 or $6,002 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $2,201,220,000 or $4,445 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.80% of Arkansas’ taxpayer income.
• Arkansas’ federal education funding is equivalent to 0.47% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Arkansas totals $5,811,290,000 or $11,736 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $654,552,000 or $1,322 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $31,103 per pupil, 21.9% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,895 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined %7,249 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 13.8% of all funding, which is a 3.09% decline from the previous year.
• 6.82% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Arkansas’ 2-year community colleges spend 11.7% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in California

California receives 13.1% of all educational funding for U.S. public primary schools. With 6.27 million students enrolled statewide, California schools receive comparatively little federal funding per K-12 student. The state ranks 19^th in spending and in funding.

• California K-12 schools spend $13,642 per pupil for a total of $85,566,797,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.20% of taxpayer income.
• California K-12 schools receive $8,059,916,000, or $1,285 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $58,235,032,000 or $9,284 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $34,156,426,000 or $5,446 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.46% of California’s taxpayer income.
• California’s federal education funding is equivalent to 0.30% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in California totals $100,451,374,000 or $16,015 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $14,884,577,000 or $2,373 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $33,289 per pupil, 22.7% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,861 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $9,585 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 11.9% of all funding, which is a 6.51% decline from the previous year.
• 2.89% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• California’s 2-year community colleges spend 22.2% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Colorado

Colorado K-12 schools spend less per pupil than the national average. The federal government also spends less per capita on Colorado’s education. Colorado ranks 35^th in spending and 31^st in funding.

• K-12 schools spend $11,070 per pupil for a total of $10,092,540,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 2.84% of taxpayer income.
• Colorado K-12 schools receive $723,916,000, or $794 per pupil from the federal government.
• State funding totals $5,281,701,000 or $5,793 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $6,356,208,000, or $6,972 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.27% of Colorado’s taxpayer income.
• Colorado’s federal education funding is equivalent to 0.20% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Colorado totals $12,361,826,000, or $13,559 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $2,269,286,000 or $2,489 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $27,266 per pupil, 33.3% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $4,188 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $3,894 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 28.8% of all funding, which is a decline of 4.98% from the previous year.
• 6.68% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Colorado’s 2-year community colleges spend 2.79% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Connecticut

Connecticut K-12 schools spend more per pupil than most other states. The state receives comparatively little in federal funding. Connecticut ranks 5^th in spending and 4^th in funding.

• K-12 schools spend $21,146 per pupil for a total of $11,133,063,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 4.90% of taxpayer income.
• Connecticut K-12 schools receive $538,602,000, or $1,023 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $4,757,235,000 or $9,036 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $6,656,870,000 or $12,644 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 5.03% of Connecticut’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.24% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Connecticut totals $11,952,708,000 or $22,703 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $819,645,000 or $1,557 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $39,372 per pupil, 27.6% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,831 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $12,040 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 22.0% of all funding, which is an increase of 12.79% from the previous year.
• 6.75% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Connecticut’s 2-year community colleges spend 13.50% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Delaware

Delaware spends more per K-12 pupil than the national average. The state ranks 14^th in spending and 16^th in funding.

• Delaware K-12 schools spend $15,931 per pupil for a total of $2,204,611,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 4.12% of taxpayer income.
• Delaware K-12 schools receive $190,418,000, or $1,376 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $1,418,388,000 or $10,250 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $677,532,000 or $4,896 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.92% of Delaware’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.36% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for Delaware K-12 education totals $2,286,338,000 or $16,522 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $81,727,000, or $591 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $33,111 per pupil, 44.1% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $4,068 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $8,192 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 38.6% of all funding, which is a 4.69% larger share from the previous year.
• 8.21% of all postsecondary funding in Delaware comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.

Public Education Spending in the District of Columbia

While District of Columbia K-12 schools spend more per pupil than most schools nationwide, these schools spend the least in terms of a percentage of taxpayer income. D.C. ranks 1^st in funding and 2^nd in spending. D.C. schools are the most dependent on local funding, and receive the second-most federal funding per student.

• District of Columbia K-12 schools spend $22,832 per pupil for a total of $2,020,361,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.40% of taxpayer income.
• District of Columbia K-12 schools receive $206,886,000, or $2,338 per pupil from the federal government.
• Local funding totals $2,370,020,000, or $26,783 per pupil.
• Local funding is equivalent to 3.99% of the District of Columbia’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.35% of local taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in the District of Columbia totals $2,576,906,000, or $29,121 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $556,545,000, or $6,289 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $38,416 per pupil, 21.2% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,994 per student.
• Local funding averages $21,259 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 13.4% of all funding, which is a 36.6% smaller share than the previous year.
• 0.19% of all postsecondary funding in D.C. comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.

Public Education Spending in Florida

Florida receives the third-largest amount of federal K-12 education funding. The state government funds education at a lower per-capita rate. Florida ranks 42^nd in spending and 43^rd in funding.

• Florida K-12 schools spend $9,983 per pupil for a total of $28,425,418,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 2.50% of taxpayer income.
• Florida K-12 schools receive $3,539,362,000 or $1,243 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $12,204,010,000 or $4,286 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $15,888,579,000 or $5,580 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 2.47% of Florida’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.31% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Florida totals $31,631,952,000 or $11,109 per pupil.
• Federal funding for postsecondary schools is $3,206,534,000 or $1,126 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $18,141 per pupil, 30.5% of which goes toward instruction.
• Among postsecondary schools, federal funding averages $1,547 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $7,331 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 17.1% of all funding, which is an 7.97% smaller share than the previous year.
• 6.04% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Florida’s 2-year community colleges spend 1.56% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Georgia

Georgia K-12 schools spend less per pupil than the nationwide average. Georgia ranks 34^th in spending and 36^th in funding.

• Georgia K-12 schools spend $11,203 per pupil for a total of $19,798,793,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.83% of taxpayer income.
• Georgia K-12 schools receive $1,975,862,000, or $1,118 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $10,365,335,000 or $5,865 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $10,219,620,000, or $5,783 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.98% of Georgia’s taxpayer income.
• Federal funding is equivalent to 0.38% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Georgia totals $22,560,817,000 or $12,766 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $2,762,024,000, or $1,563 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $22,316 per pupil, 25.1% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,657 per student.
• State local funding averages a combined $7,674 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 24.2% of all funding, which is a 1.35% smaller proportion than the previous year.
• 7.85% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Georgia’s 2-year community colleges spend 11.2% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Hawaii

Hawaii spends more per K-12 pupil than most other states. The state ranks 13^th in spending and 14^th in funding.

• Hawaii K-12 schools spend $16,128 per pupil for a total of $2,924,320,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.58% of taxpayer income.
• K-12 schools receive $298,818,000 or $1,648 per pupil from the federal government.
• State funding totals $2,760,300,000 or $15,223 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $65,629,000 or $362 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.46% of Hawaii’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.37% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Hawaii totals $3,124,747,000, or $17,233 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $200,427,000, or $1,105 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $38,453 per pupil, 34.1% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $6,128 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $12,116 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 13.4% of all funding, which is a 4.91% smaller proportion than the previous year.
• 4.29% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Hawaii’s 2-year community colleges spend 18.00% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Idaho

Idaho ranks 50^th in terms of K-12 spending, and Idaho schools receive the least funding of all states.

• Idaho K-12 schools spend $8,041 per pupil for a total of $2,497,424,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 2.99% of taxpayer income.
• Idaho K-12 schools receive $276,720,000, or $891 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $1,929,390,000 or $6,212 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $703,691,000 or $2,266 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.15% of Idaho’s taxpayer income.
• Idaho’s federal education funding is equivalent to 0.33% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Idaho totals $2,909,800,000 or $9,369 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $412,376,000 or $1,328 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $17,946 per pupil, 35.6% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,757 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $6,888 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 27.0% of all funding, which is a 2.18% larger share than the previous year.
• 6.56% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Idaho’s 2-year community colleges spend 12.8% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Illinois

Illinois ranks 11^th in K-12 school spending and 20^th in funding. Illinois schools receive more state and local funding in terms of a percentage of taxpayer income.

• Illinois K-12 schools spend $16,277 per pupil for a total of $32,207,915,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 4.29% of taxpayer income.
• Illinois K-12 schools receive $2,332,916,000, or $1,179 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $8,276,977,000 or $4,183 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $20,546,125,000 or $10,384 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.84% of Illinois’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.31% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Illinois totals $31,156,018,000 or $15,746 per pupil.
• Spending exceeds funding by $1,051,897,000 or $532 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $28,380 per pupil, 33.1% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,883 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $7,354 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 18.6% of all funding, which is a 9.52% larger share than in the previous year.
• 5.57% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Illinois’ 2-year community colleges spend 38.6% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Indiana

Indiana ranks 40^th in K-12 school spending and 35^th in funding. The state receives relatively little from the federal government.

• Indiana K-12 schools spend $10,256 per pupil for a total of $10,823,183,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.27% of taxpayer income.
• Indiana K-12 schools receive $1,023,688,000, or $970 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $8,408,921,000 or $7,968 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $4,086,251,000 or $3,872 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.77% of Indiana’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.31% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Indiana totals $13,518,860,000 or $12,810 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $2,695,677,000 or $2,554 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $23,146 per pupil, 39.2% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,112 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $6,074 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 34.5% of all funding, which is a 4.04% larger share than in the previous year.
• 8.07% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Indiana’s 2-year community colleges spend 7.72% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Iowa

Iowa ranks 29^th in K-12 school spending and 27^th in funding. Iowa spends more when taken as a percentage of taxpayer income.

• Iowa K-12 schools spend $11,935 per pupil for a total of $6,143,589,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.72% of taxpayer income.
• Iowa K-12 schools receive $521,447,000, or $1,013 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $3,836,233,000 or $7,453 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $2,914,990,000 or $5,663 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 4.09% of Iowa’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.32% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Iowa totals $7,272,669,000 or $14,128 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $1,129,080,000 or $2,193 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $38,516 per pupil, 19.8% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $3,203 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $7,086 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 15.9% of all funding, which is a 20.0% smaller share than in the previous year.
• 8.13% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Iowa’s 2-year community colleges spend 18.0% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Kansas

Kansas ranks 32^nd in K-12 schools spending and 28^th in funding. Kansas schools are more dependent on state funding than schools nationwide.

• K-12 schools spend $11,327 per pupil for a total of $5,638,278,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.58% of taxpayer income.
• Kansas K-12 schools receive $571,420,000, or $1,148 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $4,428,062,000 or $8,896 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $1,937,783,000 or $3,893 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 4.04% of Kansas’ taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.36% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Kansas totals $6,937,265,000 or $13,937 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $1,298,987,000 or $2,610 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $21,746 per pupil, 34.4% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,323 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $7,635 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 24.0% of all funding, which is a 5.43% smaller share than in the previous year.
• 10.4% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Kansas’ 2-year community colleges spend 26.6% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Kentucky

Kentucky K-12 schools rank 33^rd in spending but 37^th in funding.

• K-12 schools spend $11,278 per pupil for a total of $7,646,150,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.87% of taxpayer income.
• Kentucky K-12 schools receive $955,954,000 or $1,410 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $4,785,635,000 or $7,059 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $2,910,337,000 or $4,293 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.89% of Kentucky’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.48% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Kentucky totals $8,651,926 or $12,761 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $1,005,776,000 or $1,483 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $31,465 per pupil, 20.7% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,459 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $5,754 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 15.8% of all funding, which is a 8.14% smaller share than in the previous year.
• 5.54% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Kentucky’s 2-year community colleges spend 9.01% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Louisiana

Louisiana K-12 schools rank 30^th in terms of spending and 34^th in funding.

• K-12 schools spend $11,917 per pupil for a total of $8,484,794,000 billion annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.81% of taxpayer income.
• Louisiana K-12 schools receive $1,186,856,000, or $1,667 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $4,113,396,000 or $5,777 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $4,122,727,000 $5,791 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.70% of Louisiana’s taxpayer income.
• Federal funding for education is equivalent to 0.53% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Louisiana totals $9,422,978,000 or $13,235 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $938,184,000 or $1,318 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $21,760 per pupil, 28.8% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,527 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $8,706 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 25.9% of all funding, which is a 5.57% smaller share than in the previous year.
• 8.59% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Louisiana’s 2-year community colleges spend 12.3% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Maine

Maine K-12 schools rank 15^th in spending and in funding. Maine also spends more on education relative to taxpayer income.

• K-12 schools spend $15,691 per pupil for a total of $2,830,663,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 4.11% of taxpayer income.
• Maine K-12 schools receive $193,926,000, or $1,075 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $1,183,307,000 or $6,559 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $1,648,480,000 or $9,138 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 4.11% of Maine taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.28% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Maine totals $3,025,712,000 or $16,773 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $195,049,000 or $1,081 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $18,813 per pupil, 32.4% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,456 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $7,275 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 25.3% of all funding, which is a 6.06% smaller share than in the previous year.
• 7.17% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Maine’s 2-year community colleges spend 17.0% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Maryland

Maryland K-12 schools rank 16^th in spending and 12^th in funding. Maryland schools spend more per pupil than the nationwide average, but education costs state taxpayers a smaller proportion of their relative income.

• K-12 schools spend $15,582 per pupil for a total of $13,968,752,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.54% of taxpayer income.
• Maryland K-12 schools receive $907,251,000, or $1,012 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $6,950,516,000 or $7,753 per pupil among its public schools.
• Local funding totals $8,323,137,000 or $9,284 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.87% of Maryland taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.23% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Maryland totals $16,180,904,000 or $18,049 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $2,212,152,000 or $2,468 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, Maryland public colleges and universities spend $25,203 per pupil, 28.1% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,852 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $9,783 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 23.2% of all funding, which is a 3.32% smaller share than in the previous year.
• 8.44% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Maryland’s 2-year community colleges spend 25.1% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Massachusetts

Massachusetts ranks 6^th in K-12 school spending and in funding. The state receives relatively little funding from the federal government.

• Massachusetts K-12 schools spend $19,193 per pupil for a total of $18,471,917,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.60% of taxpayer income.
• Massachusetts K-12 schools receive $892,153,000, or $927 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $7,454,632,000 or $7,746 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $10,645,205,000 or $11,061 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.52% of Massachusetts taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.17% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Massachusetts totals $18,991,990,000 or $19,734 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $520,073,000 or $540 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $27,277 per pupil, 34.8% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,044 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $9,553 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 27.0% of all funding, which is a 0.89% larger proportion than in the previous year.
• 8.98% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Massachusetts’ 2-year community colleges spend 19.8% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Michigan

Michigan ranks 27^th in K-12 school spending and 24^th in funding.

• Michigan K-12 schools spend $12,0533 per pupil for a total of $18,128,540,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.65% of taxpayer income.
• Michigan K-12 schools receive $1,795,885,000, or $1,194 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $12,859,538,000 or $8,550 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $6,885,255,000 or $4,578 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.97% of Michigan’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.36% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Michigan totals $21,540,678,000 or $14,321 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $3,412,138,000 or $2,269 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $40,038 per pupil, 24.1% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $3,598 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $6,384 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 25.3% of all funding, which is a 7.22% larger proportion than the previous academic year.
• 6.30% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Michigan’s 2-year community colleges spend 9.67% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Minnesota

Minnesota ranks 21^st in K-12 school spending and 18^th in funding. Most educational funding comes from the state government.

• Minnesota K-12 schools spend $13,302 per pupil for a total of $11,824,723,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.53% of taxpayer income.
• Minnesota K-12 schools receive $776,033,000, or $873 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $9,489,462,000 or $10,675 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $4,139,175,000 or $4,656 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 4.06% of Minnesota’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.23% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Minnesota totals $14,404,670,000 or $16,205 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $2,579,947,000 or $2,902 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $24,316 per pupil, 30.8% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,994 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $8,124 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 23.3% of all funding, just 0.03% smaller proportionally compared to the previous academic year.
• 10.2% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Minnesota’s 2-year community colleges spend 24.5% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Mississippi

Mississippi ranks 46^th in K-12 school spending and 47^th in funding. Public school spending is much lower than the nationwide average, but Mississippi taxpayers spend a larger proportion of their income on education.

• Mississippi K-12 schools spend $9,255 per pupil for a total of $4,361,150,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.73% of taxpayer income.
• Mississippi K-12 schools receive $683,289,000, or $1,450 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $2,436,388,000 or $5,170 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $1,780,120,000 or $3,778 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.60% of Mississippi’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.58% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Mississippi totals $4,899,797,000 or $10,398 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $538,647,000 or $1,143 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $32,881 per pupil, 21.8% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $3,045 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $8,325 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 15.5% of all funding, which is a 2.83% smaller proportion than in the previous academic year.
• 6.93% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Mississippi’s 2-year community colleges spend 25.5% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Missouri

Missouri ranks 31^st in K-12 school spending and 33^rd in funding. Missouri schools spend less on education per student and relative to taxpayer income than most other states.

• Missouri K-12 schools spend $11,349 per pupil for a total of $10,366,636,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.44% of taxpayer income.
• Missouri K-12 schools receive $950,850,000, or $1,041 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $3,930,985,000 or $4,304 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $7,263,966,000 or $7,953 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.71% of Missouri’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.32% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Missouri totals $12,145,801,000 or $13,297 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $1,779,165,000 or $1,948 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $25,055 per pupil, 25.9% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,100 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $5,389 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 20.0% of all funding, which is a 5.68% smaller proportion than in the previous academic year.
• 14.6% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Missouri’s 2-year community colleges spend 16.6% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Montana

Montana ranks 28^th in K-12 school spending and 29^th in funding. Schools in Montana spend less than the national average on education per pupil and as a proportion of taxpayer income.

• Montana K-12 schools spend $11,983 per pupil for a total of $1,783,700,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.30% of taxpayer income.
• Montana K-12 schools receive $267,186,000, or $1,795 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $875,872,000 or $5,884 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $902,049,000 or $6,060 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.29% of Montana’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.49% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Montana totals $2,045,107,000 or $13,739 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $261,407,000 or $1,756 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $26,561 per pupil, 28.0% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $4,810 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $7,025 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 26.6% of all funding, which is a 3.15% smaller proportion than in the previous academic year.
• 7.77% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Montana’s 2-year community colleges spend 9.80% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Nebraska

Nebraska ranks 22^nd in K-12 school spending and 25^th in funding. The state spends less per pupil but more relative to taxpayer income.

• Nebraska K-12 schools spend $12,741 per pupil for a total of $4,160,210,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.89% of taxpayer income.
• Nebraska K-12 schools receive $345,132,000, or $1,057 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $1,502,051,000 or $4,600 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $2,812,320,000 or $8,613 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 4.03% of Nebraska’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.32% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Nebraska totals $4,659,503,000 or $14,270 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $499,293,000 or $1,529 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $29,045 per pupil, 31.3% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $3,033 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $11,883 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 17.5% of all funding, a 0.20% larger proportion than in the previous academic year.
• 12.1% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Nebraska’s 2-year community colleges spend 19.5% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Nevada

Nevada K-12 schools rank 48^th in spending and 44^th in funding. State schools spend a higher proportion of federal funding and a much lower proportion of state funding than the nationwide average.

• Nevada K-12 schools spend $9,124 per pupil for a total of $4,495,961,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 2.81% of taxpayer income.
• Nevada K-12 schools receive $486,337,000, or $987 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $1,861,030,000 or $3,777 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $3,081,061,000 or $6,253 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.09% of Nevada’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.30% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Nevada totals $5,428,429,000 or $11,017 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $932,468,000 or $1,892 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $18,524 per pupil, 40.1% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,507 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $6,728 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 22.3% of all funding, which is a 1.24% smaller proportion than in the previous academic year.
• 3.95% of all postsecondary funding in Nevada comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.

Public Education Spending in New Hampshire

New Hampshire K-12 schools rank 9^th in spending and 10^th in funding. Most funding comes from local sources.

• New Hampshire schools spend $17,456 per pupil for a total of $3,047,648,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.51% of taxpayer income.
• New Hampshire K-12 schools receive $165,688,000, or $949 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $1,007,939,000 or $5,773 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $2,101,426,000 or $12,036 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.59% of New Hampshire’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.19% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in New Hampshire totals $3,275,053,000 or $18,758 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $227,405,000 or $1,302 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $26,246 per pupil, 32.6% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,069 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $5,258 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 37.7% of all funding, a 2.92% larger proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 17.1% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• New Hampshire’s 2-year community colleges spend 16.1% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in New Jersey

New Jersey receives relatively little K-12 educational financing from the federal government. The state’s schools rank 3^rd in spending and in funding.

• New Jersey K-12 schools spend $21,334 per pupil for a total of $29,864,232,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 4.73% of taxpayer income.
• New Jersey K-12 schools receive $1,363,450,000, or $974 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $14,718,666,000 or $10,514 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $16,972,390,000 or $12,124 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 5.02% of New Jersey’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.22% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in New Jersey totals $33,054,506,000 or $23,613 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $3,190,274,000 or $2,279 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $26,102 per pupil, 30.8% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,875 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $6,739 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 30.8% of all funding, which is a 9.59% larger proportion than in the previous academic year.
• 5.62% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• New Jersey’s 2-year community colleges spend 17.2% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in New Mexico

New Mexico K-12 schools rank 37^th in spending and 38^th in funding. Schools spend less per pupil than most other states, but taxpayers spend more on education than the nationwide average.

• New Mexico K-12 schools spend $10.469 per pupil for a total of $3,490,740,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.80% of taxpayer income.
• New Mexico K-12 schools receive $538,845,000, or $1,616 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $2,836,184,000 or $8,506 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $746,930,000 or $2,240 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.90% of New Mexico’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.59% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in New Mexico totals $4,121,959,000 or $12,362 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $631,219,000 or $1,893 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $26,646 per pupil, 23.7% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $3,284 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $10,909 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 7.01% of all funding, which is a 15.8% smaller proportion than in the previous academic year.
• 1.79% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• New Mexico’s 2-year community colleges spend 19.3% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in New York

New York schools rank 1^st in spending and 2^nd in funding. Home to 5.21% of the nation’s K-12 students, the state receives 9.86% of all U.S. public primary school funding.

• New York K-12 schools spend $24,881 per pupil for a total of $65,549,087,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 4.65% of taxpayer income.
• New York K-12 schools receive $3,682,993,000, or $1,398 per pupil from the federal government.
• State funding totals $29,698,937,000 or $11,273 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $42,029,493,000 or $15,954 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 5.09% of New York’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.26% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in New York totals $75,411,423,000 or $28,625 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $9,862,336,000 or $3,744 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $30,293 per pupil, 32.1% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,126 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $11,778 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 14.5% of all funding, a 5.05% smaller proportion than in the previous academic year.
• 3.18% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• New York’s 2-year community colleges spend 21.2% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in North Carolina

North Carolina ranks 45^th in K-12 school spending and 49^th in funding. Schools spend much less per pupil and relative to taxpayer income than most other states.

• North Carolina K-12 schools spend $9,798 per pupil for a total of $15,213,245,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.00% of taxpayer income.
• North Carolina K-12 schools receive $1,672,217,000, or $1,077 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $10,040,918,000 or $6,467 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $4,275,796,000 or $2,754 per pupil.
• State and local funding is 2.82% of North Carolina’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.33% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in North Carolina totals $15,988,930,000 or $10,298 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $775,685,000 or $500 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $25,958 per pupil, 31.5% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,312 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $10,352.
• Tuition accounts for 15.7% of all funding, a 6.15% smaller proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 13.9% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• North Carolina’s 2-year community colleges spend 24.1% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in North Dakota

North Dakota K-12 schools rank 18^th in spending and 17^th in funding. On average, schools spend more per pupil and relative to taxpayer income.

• K-12 schools spend $14,037 per pupil for a total of $1,597,597,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.62% of taxpayer income.
• North Dakota K-12 schools receive $195,991,000, or $1,722 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $1,020,926,000 or $8,970 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $645,220,000 or $5,669 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.78% of North Dakota’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.39% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in North Dakota totals $1,862,138,000 or $16,361 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $264,541,000 or $2,324 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $26,423 per pupil, 36.1% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,824 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $8,518 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 28.0% of all funding, a 0.39% larger proportion than in the previous academic year.
• 7.66% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• North Dakota’s 2-year community colleges spend 9.32% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Ohio

Ohio K-12 schools rank 20^th in spending and 22^nd in funding. Spending per pupil is on par with the national average, but schools spend a little more relative to taxpayer income.

• K-12 schools spend $13,437 per pupil for a total of $22,778,613,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.84% of taxpayer income.
• Ohio K-12 schools receive $1,941,031,000, or $1,145 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $10,652,975,000 or $6,284 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $13,197,954,000 or $7,785 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 4.03% of Ohio’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.33% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Ohio totals $25,791,960,000 or $15,214 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $3,013,347,000 or $1,778 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $30,196 per pupil, 26.2% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,473 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $5,640 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 24.1% of all funding, which is a 2.99% smaller proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 5.90% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Ohio’s 2-year community colleges spend 7.16% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Oklahoma

Oklahoma K-12 schools rank 47^th in spending and 46^th in funding. The state’s schools spend much less per pupil than most other states.

• K-12 schools spend $9,200 per pupil for a total of $6,432,157,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.42% of taxpayer income.
• Oklahoma K-12 schools receive $777,448,000, or $1,112 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $3,600,427,000 or $5,150 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $2,948,404,000 or $4,217 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.48% of Oklahoma’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.41% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Oklahoma totals $7,325,279,000 or $10,479 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $894,122,000 or $1,279 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $27,142 per pupil, 30.6% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,348 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $7,031 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 22.5% of all funding, which is a 1.44% larger proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 10.7% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Oklahoma’s 2-year community colleges spend 11.5% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Oregon

Oregon K-12 schools rank 25^th in spending and 21^st in funding. Oregon spends more on public postsecondary education than most other states.

• K-12 schools spend $12,460 per pupil for a total of $7,246,638,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.18% of taxpayer income.
• Oregon K-12 schools receive $582,744,000, or $1,002 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $4,597,475,000 or $7,905 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $3,723,449,000 or $6,402 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.65% of Oregon’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.26% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Oregon totals $8,903,669,000 or $15,309 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $1,657,031,000 or $2,849 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $41,705 per pupil, 21.7% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $4,260 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $8,515 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 16.0% of all funding, which is a 9.52% smaller proportion than in the previous academic year.
• 6.00% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Oregon’s 2-year community colleges spend 16.7% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania K-12 schools rank 10^th in spending and 8^th in funding. Schools in Pennsylvania spend more per pupil and relative to taxpayer income.

• K-12 schools spend $16,897 per pupil for a total of $29,235,226,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.90% of taxpayer income.
• Pennsylvania K-12 schools receive $2,334,085,000, or $1,349 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $12,657,272,000 or $7,315 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $18,521,251,000 or $10,704 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 4.16% of Pennsylvania’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.31% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Pennsylvania totals $33,512,607,000 or $19,369 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $4,277,381,000 or $2,472 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $43,420 per pupil, 23.2% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $4,073 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $5,491 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 27.2% of all funding, a 2.47% smaller proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 5.57% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Pennsylvania’s 2-year community colleges spend 7.44% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Rhode Island

Rhode Island K-12 schools rank 8^th in spending and 11^th in funding. Rhode Island spends more on K-12 education and less on public postsecondary education relative to the national averages.

• K-12 schools spend $17,539 per pupil for a total of $2,515,700,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 4.18% of taxpayer income.
• Rhode Island K-12 schools receive $203,820,009, or $1,421 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $1,148,971,000 or $8,010 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $1,333,956,000 or $9,300 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 4.13% of Rhode Island’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.34% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Rhode Island totals $2,686,747,000 or $18,732 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $171,047,000 or $1,193 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $21,522 per pupil, 33.5% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,155 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $5,340 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 35.6% of all funding, which is a 2.93% larger proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 11.1% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Rhode Island’s 2-year community colleges spend 18.9% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in South Carolina

South Carolina K-12 schools rank 36^th in spending and 26^th in funding. South Carolina spends less on K-12 and on postsecondary education than most other states.

• K-12 schools spend $10,991 per pupil for a total of $8,585,210,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.62% of taxpayer income.
• South Carolina K-12 schools receive $919,406,000, or $1,177 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $5,452,153,000 or $6,980 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $4,680,621,000 or $5,992 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 4.28% of South Carolina’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.39% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in South Carolina totals $11,052,179,000 or $14,149 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $2,466,969,000 or $3,158 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $27,160 per pupil, 33.7% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,520 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $7,157 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 32.5% of all funding, a 3.57% smaller proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 9.55% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• South Carolina’s 2-year community colleges spend 16.41% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in South Dakota

South Dakota K-12 schools rank 39^th in spending and 40^th in funding. South Dakota receives more federal funding per student than most other states, but K-12 spending per pupil is lower than most other states.

• K-12 schools spend $10,326 per pupil for a total of $1,434,930,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 2.96% of taxpayer income.
• South Dakota K-12 schools receive $236,933,000, or $1,705 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $582,705,000 or $4,193 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $885,326,000 or $6,371 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.03% of South Dakota’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.49% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in South Dakota totals $1,704,964,000 or $12,269 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $270,034,000 or $1,943 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $20,519 per pupil, 34.0% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,442 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $6,363 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 27.0% of all funding, a 3.98% smaller proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 6.55% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• South Dakota’s 2-year community colleges spend 11.6% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Tennessee

Tennessee K-12 schools rank 43^rdin spending and 45^th in funding. Tennessee K-12 and postsecondary schools spend much less in education per pupil than the average U.S. school.

• K-12 schools spend $9,942 per pupil for a total of $10,017,249,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 2.98% of taxpayer income.
• Tennessee K-12 schools receive $1,180,893,000, or $1,172 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $5,105,970,000 or $5,068 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $4,676,995,000 or $4,642 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equvalent to 2.91% of Tennessee’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is the equivalent to 0.35% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Tennessee totals $10,963,858,000 or $10,881 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $946,609,000 or $939 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $22,187 per pupil, 37.6% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,338 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $8,260 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 21,8% of all funding, a 9.90% smaller proportion than in the previous academic year.
• 6.48% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Tennessee’s 2-year community colleges spend 18.8% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Texas

Texas K-12 schools rank 44^th in spending and 39^th in funding. Texas is second only to California in the size of its K-12 student population.

• K-12 schools spend $9,871 per pupil for a total of $53,618,624,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.46% of taxpayer income.
• Texas K-12 schools receive $7,284,340,000, or $1,341 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $24,484,118,000 or $4,507 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $35,177,830,000 or $6,476 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.85% of Texas’ taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.47% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Texas totals $66,946,288,000 or $12,324 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $13,327,664,000 or $2,454 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $27,505 per pupil, 27.7% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,912 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $8,160 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 14.1% of all funding, a 4.40% larger proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 3.24% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Texas’ 2-year community colleges spend 9.57% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Utah

Utah K-12 schools spend the least amount of money on students. Utah schools also receive the least federal funding and rank 50^th in overall funding. Most educational funding in Utah comes from the state government.

• K-12 schools spend $7,951 per pupil for a total of $5,382,401,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.37% of taxpayer income.
• Utah K-12 schools receive $456,956,000, or $675 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $3,617,420,000 or $5,344 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $2,473,994,000 or $3,655 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.82% of Utah’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.29% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Utah totals $6,548,369,000 or $9,673 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $1,165,968,000 or $1,722 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $39,061 per pupil, 16.4% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $3,285 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined total of $6,632 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 11.9% of all funding, a 2.39% smaller proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 3.44% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Utah’s 2-year community colleges spend 2.92% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Vermont

Vermont K-12 schools rank 4^th in spending and 5^th in funding. Vermont is one of only two states where K-12 spending exceeds funding; the other state is Illinois.

• K-12 schools spend $21,219 per pupil for a total of $1,847,486,000.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 5.33% of taxpayer income.
• Vermont K-12 schools receive $113,625,000, or $1,305 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $1,636,839,000 or $18,799 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $62,325,000 or $716 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 4.90% of Vermont’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.33% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Vermont totals $1,812,788,000 or $20,820 per pupil.
• Vermont school spending exceeds funding by $34,698,000 or $399 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $36,914 per pupil, 28.6% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $5,728 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $6,331 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 45.2% of all funding, a 1.53% larger proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 10.8% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Vermont’s 2-year community colleges spend 3.59% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Virginia

Virginia K-12 schools rank 24^th in spending and 30^th in funding. The state receives very little educational financing from the federal government.

• K-12 schools spend $12,638 per pupil for a total of $16,300,033,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.16% of taxpayer income.
• Virginia K-12 schools receive $1,169,844,000, or $907 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $7,068,882,000 or $5,481 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $9,374,768,000 or $7,268 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.19% of Virginia’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.23% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Virginia totals $17,613,494,000 or $13,656 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $1,313,461,000 or $$1,018 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $29,665 per pupil, 29.4% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,690 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $6,120 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 25.5% of all funding, a 0.34% larger proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 11.6% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Virginia’s 2-year community colleges spend 10.9% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Washington

Washington K-12 schools receive relatively little federal funding. The state ranks 17^th in school spending and 13^th in funding. Schools in Washington spend a little more per pupil but receive much less federal funding compared to schools nationwide.

• K-12 schools spend $14,348 per pupil for a total of $16,116,448,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.22% of taxpayer income.
• Washington K-12 schools receive $1,072,697,000, or $955 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $13,459,018,000 or $11,982 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $4,873,984,000 or $4,339 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.66% of Washington’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.21% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Washington totals $19,405,697,000 or $17,276 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $3,289,249,000 or $2,928 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $34,646 per pupil, 30.0% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $4,309 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $8,954 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 18.8% of all funding, a 3.22% smaller proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 6.88% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Washington’s 2-year community colleges spend 3.13% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in West Virginia

West Virginia K-12 schools rank 26^th in spending and 32^nd in funding. Schools in West Virginia spend much more relative to local taxpayer income compared to the average school nationwide.

• K-12 schools spend $12,266 per pupil for a total of $3,287,865,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 4.35% of taxpayer income.
• West Virginia K-12 schools receive $410,374,000, or $1,531 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $2,018,878,000 or $7,532 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $1,189,191,000 or $4,437 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 4.24% of West Virginia’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.54% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in West Virginia totals $3,618,442,000, or $13,499 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $330,577,000, or $1,233 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $23,834 per pupil, 33.1% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $1,795 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $7,883 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 31.6% of all funding, a 4.58% smaller proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 10.1% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• West Virginia’s 2-year community colleges spend 7.56% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Wisconsin

Wisconsin K-12 schools receive relatively little from the federal government. The state ranks 23^rd in spending and in funding. Wisconsin K-12 and postsecondary schools spend less per pupil than the nationwide average.

• K-12 schools spend $12,694 per pupil for a total of $10,904,913,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 3.49% of taxpayer income.
• Wisconsin K-12 schools receive $849,587,000, or $989 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $6,288,629,000 or $7,321 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $5,569,906,000 or $6,484 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 3.79% of Wisconsin’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.27% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Wisconsin totals $12,708,122,000 or $14,793 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $1,803,209,000 or $2,099 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $25,166 per pupil, 33.2% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $2,671 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $8,638 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 22.6% of all funding, a 5.29% larger proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 5.63% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Wisconsin’s 2-year community colleges spend 21.8% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Public Education Spending in Wyoming

Wyoming spends more than average on K-12 education in terms of percentage of taxpayers’ personal income. The state’s schools rank 12^th in spending and 9^th in funding.

• Wyoming K-12 schools spend $16,231 per pupil for a total of $1,530,465,000 annually.
• Expenditures are equivalent to 4.23% of taxpayer income.
• K-12 schools receive $132,478,000, or $1,405 per pupil, from the federal government.
• State funding totals $964,548,000 or $10,230 per pupil.
• Local funding totals $708,819,000 or $7,517 per pupil.
• State and local funding is equivalent to 4.62% of Wyoming’s taxpayer income.
• Federal education funding is equivalent to 0.37% of the state’s taxpayer income.
• Funding for K-12 education in Wyoming totals $1,805,845,000 or $19,152 per pupil.
• The difference between spending and funding is $275,380,000 or $2,921 per pupil.
• At the postsecondary level, public colleges and universities spend $27,760 per pupil, 32.4% of which goes toward instruction.
• Federal funding for public postsecondary institutions averages $3,049 per student.
• State and local funding averages a combined $13,423 per student.
• Tuition accounts for 13.5% of all funding, a 23.2% larger proportion compared to the previous academic year.
• 5.16% of all postsecondary funding comes from sales and services of auxiliary enterprises.
• Wyoming’s 2-year community colleges spend 29.5% of what its 4-year public colleges spend in a year.

Sources

1. United States Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances
2. National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), The Condition of Education
3. NCES, Digest of Education
4. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Statistical Resources
5. United States Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis, Data
6. UNESCO Institute for Statistics Database, Education Statistics
7. United States Department of Education, Budget History Tables
8. National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators: State Indicators