Average Law School Debt [2022]: Student Loan Statistics

Report Highlights. The average law school graduate owes $160,000 in student loan debt. Meanwhile, law school enrollment is at its lowest point since 1973.

74.1% of law school students graduate in debt.
$118,400 is the average amount students borrow just to attend law school.
$155,300 is the average amount borrowed to attend one of the top 10 law schools.
Fewer than 1-in-4 new law school graduates say their legal education was worth the financial cost.

Average debt among law school graduates on Education Data Initiative

Average Law School Debt Statistics

In recent decades, the average law school debt has increased 4 times faster than the rate of inflation or about the same rate as tuition.

45% of law school students begin their post-secondary education in debt.
41.9% of indebted law school graduates say they owe as much or more than they did at graduation.
48% of indebted lawyers have postponed or decided not to have children due to their law school debt.
28.8% of new lawyers decided to postpone marriage or remain unwed as a result of their debts, and 55.6% have put off purchasing property.
17% of indebted law school graduates choose a job that will give them a better chance of loan forgiveness than the job they actually wanted.
100% of law school graduates from Florida A&M University are in debt.
University of Detroit Mercy law school graduates are least likely to graduate in debt.
Southwestern Law School in Los Angeles borrow the most at an average $201,967 each.
$55,186 is the lowest average debt among new lawyers, owed by 74% of graduates from Rutgers.

Snapshot: Law School Graduate Indebtedness
Institution	% Indebted Graduates	Average Amount Borrowed
Florida A&M University	100%	$61,500
Southwestern Law School	83%	$201,967
Rutgers, SUNJ	74%	$55,186
Duke University	68%	$143,774
Georgetown University	66%	$166,164
Cornell University	66%	$154,195
Columbia University	65%	$172,656
Yale University	62%	$134,763
Yeshiva University (Cordozo)	62%	$118,304
Boston College	58%	$117,291
University of Detroit Mercy	41%	$123,828

Law school student borrowers on Education Data Initiative

Law School Debt Across Demographics

The burden of student loan debt is unevently distributed among demographics such as age groups, race or ethnicity, sex or gender, and even from state to state.

Black or African American law school graduates loan debts are 97% higher on average than white law school graduates.
15% of law school students and just 5% of practicing lawyers are Black or African American.
Hispanic or Latino graduates owe 49% more on average than their white peers.
13% of law school students and 5% of lawyers are Hispanic or Latino.
On average, white law school graduates owe 17% less than the average law school student debt;
62% of law school students and 86% of all practicing lawyers are non-Hispanic whites.
There is not enough data available to measure the average debt among Asian students;
10% of law school students and 2% of lawyers are Asian.
$75,000 is the median starting salary for male law school graduates while women start at $70,000; this ultimately affects their repayment rates.

According to the American Bar Association (ABA), women and minority law school graduates bear an inordinate percentage of student debt, much of it due to income disparities. The ABA considers this an urgent problem and recommends law school students and practicing lawyers take the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which was developed at Harvard University as a method of gauging racial bias in test takers.

Law School Borrowers Unable to Reduce Debt After Graduation
Demographic Group	Same Debt	More Debt
Asian	11.4%*	13.6%
Black/African American	20.7%	43.7%
Hispanic or Latinx	14.0%	19.8%
Indigenous	7.1%	17.9%
Two or More Races	11.7%	18.3%
White/Caucasian	15.5%	28.9%
Unreported	14.6%	26.8%
All Law School Borrowers	15.0%	26.9%

*Percent of all law school borrowers who have earned a Juris Doctorate in this demographic group.

Student Borrowing and Repayment

The amount a student borrows to attend school is never the amount they ultimately pay. While student loans generally don’t require payments until graduation, interest on those loans begins to accrue immediately.

Some indebted students use 75% of their discretionary income to pay back student loans.
57% of students work while attending law school to pay tuition, fees, and debts.
78%-95% of law students are working full-time within a year of graduation.
Most students grossly underestimate how much they’ll ultimately pay in student loan debt.
Just 23% of indebted law school graduates say their degree was worth the financial cost.
Degree satisfaction may or may not be linked to student debt; though the average medical school debt exceeds the average law school debt by 74%, indebted medical school graduates are more than twice as likely to consider their degree worth the debt.

Advanced degree cost benefit satisfaction on Education Data Initiative

Federal Loans and Repayment

Students pursuing post-graduate education may use federal Grad PLUS loans, which carry a 5.28% interest rate for the 2021-2022 academic year.

$56,900 is the average starting salary for a law school graduate working in the public sector.
$91,200 is the average starting salary for those in the private sector.
10% of one’s gross income is the ideal amount to put toward paying off debts according to guidelines issued by the U.S. Consumer Finance Protection Bureau (CFPB).
It is impossible for the average lawyer working in the public sector to pay off federal student loans if they follow CFPB recommendations and guidelines.
26 years is how long it will take the average lawyer working in the public sector to pay off their loans if they use 20% of their income.
50 years is how long it will take a lawyer working in the private sector to pay off their loans following CFPB guidelines.
A maximum of 36% of all income should go toward paying off debt, as federal guidelines recommend.
Graduates of the Florida Coastal School of Law borrowed an average of $182,200; their median starting salary is $35,300, giving them the worst debt-to-income ratio of among all law school graduates.
It will take 27 years for the average FCSL graduate to pay off their amount borrowed, assuming 36% of their income goes toward repayments.
In that time, they will pay $160,600 in interest; that’s 47% of a grand total of $342,800.
Stanford graduates get the best deal in terms of debt-to-income ratios; their median starting salaries are $156,700 while the average amount borrowed is $119,900.

$160K Law School Loan Repayment Timeline Assuming a 5.3% APR
Median Salary	% Income	Monthly Payment	Years to Zero Debt	Total Cost
$56,900	10%	$474	NA†	NA
$56,900	20%	$948	25.9	$294,300
$56,900	36%	$1,707	10.1	$207,000
$91,200	10%	$760	50.2	$458,200
$91,200	20%	$1,520	11.8	$215,700
$91,200	36%	$2,736	5.7	$185,500

†This payment does not cover the loan’s accrued interest, making repayment an impossibility.

Private Loans and Repayment

Private loan interest rates are generally much higher than those of federal loans. Some of them carry an APR of over 12%. There are very few statistics available regarding private loans because there is no centralized regulatory entitiy collecting data.

If their total educational debt all came from private loans, no law school graduate could afford to repay that debt and follow CFOB recommendations and guidelines.
An average graduate would owe a minimum payment of $986.66 just to cover the interest on their loans.
If they they made regular monthly payments of $987, they could be debt free in 81 years.
For an average law school graduate working in the public sector, that’s 33.6% of their income.
Their grand total payment would be over $950,000; 87.5% of it would be interest.
A Top 10 graduate would owe minimum monthly payments of $1,294.17 in order to be out of debt within 130 years.
That’s 44% of their income if they work in the public sector, and they would ultimately pay over $1.8 million in interest alone.
That would be 92.3% of their grand total payment of over $2 million.
It would not possible for an FCSL graduate to ever pay off an educational debt in private loans.

$160K Law School Loan Repayment Timeline Assuming a 10% APR
Median Salary	% Income	Monthly Payment	Years to Zero Debt	Total Cost
$56,900	10%	$474	NA	NA
$56,900	20%	$948	NA	NA
$56,900	36%	$1,707	15.3	$312,500
$91,200	10%	$760	NA	NA
$91,200	20%	$1,520	21.1	$384,100
$91,200	36%	$2,736	6.8	$220,300

Law School Tuition and Fees

In 2015, the ABA launched a task force to deal with the national student debt burden, resulting in some of the discount programs that have helped supplement student tuition level off the average financial burden in recent years.

$63,000 is the average annual cost to attend a Top 10 law school.
$50,000 is the average annual cost of attending a private law school.
Public law schools charge an annual rate of $28,300 for in-state students; out-of-state students pay $41,700.
$72,465 is the annual tuition at Columbia University, making it the most expensive law school in the country.
Students at University of the District of Columbia (Clarke) pay $13,134, the lowest tuition of any law school nationwide.
The average law school tuition has increased by $42,600 over the past 35 years; that’s an increase of 579%.
Adjusting for inflation, the average law school tuition has increased by $32,279 over the past 35 years.
That’s a 182% increase, with an annual growth rate of 0.6%.
Before inflation, the annual growth rate was 16.6%; the annual growth rate of the U.S. dollar was 4.0%.

Average law school tuition adjusted for inflation on Education Data Initiative

Sources of Financing Among Law School Students Who Didn’t Use Student Loans for Law School‡
Source	Usage
Support from family or friends	68.1%
Savings	58.9%
Scholarships and/or grants	58.4%
Employment while in school	34.1%
Employer	9.2%
Other	8.6%
Credit cards	7.6%

‡14% of law school students do not use student loans when earning their Juris Doctorate.